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LASER MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS
“LAZDICOM” TM & "LAKK-M" TM
Total results of the base, fundamental theoretical and clinical research on the problem of clinical efficacy of different methods of optical and laser noninvasive medical diagnostics, which have been carried out in 1995-2000 on the base of Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute "MONIKI" named after M.F.Vladimirskiy, show that the more promising way to develop this new diagnostic technique and/or equipment is the way to create a complex, multifunctional (universal) laser noninvasive diagnostic systems (MLNDS), providing in a combined mode and on a single apparatus platform a realization of any different methods of the modern medical noninvasive spectrophotometry (for more detailed information see our paper D.A.Rogatkin, L.G.Lapaeva "Prospects for development of noninvasive spectrophotometric medical diagnosis" // Biomedical Engineering, v.37, No.4, 2003. - pp.217-222.). It allows a doctor to execute complex functional examinations of patients to estimate better any delicate specialties in theirs micro-hemodynamics, oxygen metabolism in tissues, microcirculatory disorders, etc.
First in the World pilot model of MLNDS had been created and developed in 200-2003 under the international research and development Project #1001 “Development of multifunctional laser noninvasive diagnostic system based on laser spectroscopy for detecting and identification of the biological soft tissues clinical state”, supported by International Scientific and Technology Center (ISTC, see www.istc.ru). The Project has been executed in cooperation of our Laboratory with Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute “MONIKI”, Moscow State R&D Institute “POLYUS” (the leading Russian laser production company) and the Moscow State Institute of Electronics and Mathematics (“MSIEM”, Technical University). A foreign collaborator of the project was a French company "CILAS".
The first pilot model of MLNDS, which was then called "LAZDICOM", is a new multifunctional laser noninvasive diagnostic system for medicine. It is an opto-electronic and low-energy laser unit with a computer (Fig.1).
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Fig.
1.
It is a table-located diagnostic system with an optical fiber as a diagnostic probe, so it is useful for external as well as for different into-cavity or endoscopic, gastroscopic, etc. procedures. For the medical staff the diagnostic procedure consists only in bringing of optical fiber probe to a slight contact with biotissue and reading the result from the monitor's screen (Fig.2):
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Fig. 2.
MLNDS "LAZDICOM" consists of typical and some special laser, optical and electronic units (lasers modules, spectrometer, photodetectors, optical filters, etc.) integrated in a single diagnostic system. Used spectral band in it: 350-1500 nm. Special software operates the system and calculates all final medical diagnostic parameters. Six different optical noninvasive diagnostic techniques are included in this system:
- fluorescent diagnostics;
- laser Doppler Flowmetry;
- elastic scattering spectroscopy;
- pulsoximetry;
- biophotometry;
- photoplethismography.
The diagnostic system "LAZDICOM" was developed under the Russian patent No. 2234242 and an international patent application form (PCT procedure) WO 03/077756 A1.
In medicine it can be used in oncology, urology, gastroenterology, dermatology, surgery, etc.
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LAST PROGRESS ON MULTIFUNCTIONAL NONINVASIVE
LASER MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS
In 2005-2007 our project of development of new combined medical diagnostic systems like MLNDS was supported by SPI “LAZMA” Ltd. Co., Russian Foundation of Basic Research (RFBR) and Russian State Innovation Agency ("Rosnauka"). All that allows us together with "LAZMA" Ltd. Co. to create the more simple, chipper, compact and more efficient-working next generation experimental model of MLNDS (Fig.3) - the laser diagnostic system "LAKK-M".
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Fig. 3. MLNDS of the next generation - the pilot model of new diagnostic system "LAKK-M".
New model of MLNDS on the base of Laser Doppler Flowmetry, Laser Fluorescent Diagnostics and Tissues Reflectance Oximetry allows a doctor to realize "in vivo" (in situ) almost all more effective laser noninvasive spectrophotometry technique in a practical medicine. More powerful system's software operates the system and includes all necessary diagnostic data processing algorithms.
Registered and determined main medical parameters:
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tissue’s blood perfusion (M) as a function of time;
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functional saturation of oxy-hemoglobin fraction in a mixed peripheral
blood (SO2) as a function of time;
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relative volume of all fractions of hemoglobin into a tested tissue
volume (Vr) as a function of time;
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an index of perfusional saturation of the oxygen in
a blood (SO2m);
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parameter of a
specific oxygen utilization in a tissue (U);
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three
coefficients of fluorescent contrast of tissue (in the blue, green and red
spectral wavebands), which indicate an activity of different tissue’s enzymes
(NADH, FP, Lipopigments, Porphyrins, etc.);
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and some others.
A number of data processing algorithms which are included in software allows a user to calculate and analyze any existed biological rhythms of microhemodynamics (miogenic, neurogenic, etc.) in a tested tissue as well. It must be special noted, that parameter of saturation (SO2) is registered and calculated as an average value between venous and arterial saturation, close to venous saturation, so the evaluation of oxygen utilization (uptake) in a tissue becomes possible. Moreover, all parameters can be measured under the use of any conventional functional tests (tests with functional loads on a microcirculatory bed), for example: test with occlusion, test with a heating (cooling), medicinal test, etc. So, our new MLNDS allows a doctor to produce a multi-parametrical patient’s examination on a microcirculation and/or biochemical level “in vivo”.
The most promising
application of that are all problems of studying (examination, monitoring, etc.)
of microcirculatory (microhaemodynamics) disorders in soft tissues. It is
important for cancerous tissues, in ulcerous mucosa and skin, in situation of
the angiodystonic or angiospastic syndromes, in transplantology, endocrinology,
etc. This complex diagnostic technique allows a doctor to identify a type of
microcirculation into a tissue, to quantify a blood supply into a tissue, to
study specialties of different regulatory rhythms of microhemodynamics, to
quantify a chronic hypoxia state in tissues, etc. So, it
is very effective in oncology, gastroenterology, angiology, transplantology,
dermatology, etc.
Today this our new laser noninvasive medical diagnostic system "LAKK-M" is manufactured serially by SPI “LAZMA” Ltd. Co. under the Russian Patent No. No. 2337608, international patent application form (PCT procedure) PCT/RU2008/000275, Publishing No. WO/2008/140355 and a Certificate of the Russian State Agency of Healthcare Inspection No. FSR 2009/05953. The new final design of the system is presented in Fig. 4. Also, a pulsoximetry channel is included in it.
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Fig. 4. New final design of the system "ËÀÊÊ-Ì".
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Today we are looking for international partners to transfer this our innovation product into another countries, Europe for example.
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